Ukwakha ibhodi lokusekela elingangeni manzi kuyinhlanganisela yokwakha ehlanganisa ukuvimbela amanzi, ukumelana nomswakama, ukufakwa kwe-thermal, ukufakwa komsindo, kanye nokuqiniswa kwesakhiwo. Yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuswakama okuhlukahlukene,{1}}okuphezulu, namanzi{2}}izimo zesakhiwo esiseduze futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emakhishini asekhaya nezindlu zokugezela, ovulandi nezindlu zangaphansi, amachibi okubhukuda amahhotela, izindlu zangasese zasesibhedlela, amasimu angaphandle, kanye namaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene okuvikela umswakama wemboni{3}}ekuvalekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhodi le-gypsum evamile, ibhodi elivamile likasimende, kanye{5}}nezinqubo eziningi zokwakha ezingangeni amanzi ezendlalelo eziningi, leli bhodi elihlanganisiwe linikeza ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukwakhiwa okulula, nempilo ende yesevisi. Ixazulula izinkinga ezijwayelekile zobunjiniyela ezindaweni ezinomswakama njengokukhula kwesikhunta, i-efflorescence, ukugoba amathayela nokuhlukaniswa, kanye nokuguqulwa kongqimba lwesisekelo nokuqhekeka. Yimpahla yokwakha ekhethwayo yokuhlobisa indawo yesimanje eyomile nemanzi kanye namaphrojekthi ohwebo aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Ukuvimbela amanzi okuphakeme kanye nokumelana nomswakama yizinto ezivelele eziyinhloko zebhodi elisekela lesakhiwo elingangeni manzi. Ibhodi lisebenzisa{1}}i-XPS evalekile evalekile{2}}ye-cell extruded core material enezinga leseli elivaliwe{3}}eliphezulu kakhulu kanye nezinga lokumunca amanzi eliphansi kakhulu, elifinyelela{4}}isikhathi eside ukumelana namanzi nomswakama, okuhluke ngokuphelele kuzithiyo zamabhodi ajwayelekile amunca umswakama, ukukhukhumala, kanye nempushana lapho echayeke emanzini. Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe esihlanganisiwe samaphaneli sinikeza umgoqo womswakama we-bidirectional, ukuvimbela kokubili ukuqoqwa kwamanzi angaphandle kanye nomswakama weshawa ukuthi ungangeni ngaphakathi, kanye nokuvimbela umswakama ongaphansi komhlaba ukuba uhlehle ubuyele phezulu. Ngisho nangaphansi kokuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-waterlogging, isifutho sikasawoti omningi, noma izimo eziswakeme phakathi nenkathi yemvula, ngeke kukhule isikhunta, i-delamination, deformation, noma i-efflorescence. Ngenxa yamandla ako aqinile okuvimbela amanzi, ukwakhiwa kuqeda isidingo sezinye izimbotshana ezingangeni manzi noma ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi, ukuqedela ukuvimbela amanzi ngesinyathelo esisodwa, ukwenza kube lula inqubo yokwakha nokugwema izingozi zokuvuza ezihlobene{8}}nokwakhiwa kwezendlalelo eziningi.
Amaphaneli aphinde abe nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela ukushisa, okuholela ekongeni kwamandla okuvelele. I-XPS core material ine-conductivity ephansi kakhulu ye-thermal, ehlinzeka ngokufakwa kwe-thermal okuhle kakhulu. Uma ibekwe ezindongeni naphansi, ivimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukushintshana komoya oshisayo nobandayo phakathi kwasendlini nangaphandle, inciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwangaphakathi futhi ivimbele ukungena kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu angaphandle, inciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesiphephetha-moya, ukushisa okungaphansi, nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokufakwa ngaphakathi endlini ezindaweni ezibandayo noma ukugqumisa ukushisa nokupholisa ezindaweni ezishisayo, kunikeza ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukuhlangabezana namazinga okwakha kanye nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa zohlaza namandla{3}onga amabhilidi kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Mayelana nokusebenza kwesakhiwo, ukusekelwa okungangeni manzi kwebhilidi kulula futhi{0}}kunamandla aphezulu, kufanelekile ezimweni eziningi zokwakha. Isisindo sebhodi siphansi kakhulu kune-fiberboard kasimende evamile, okwenza kube lula futhi kube lula ngomuntu oyedwa ukuphatha, ukusika, nokufaka, konga kakhulu izindleko zabasebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhodi liziqhayisa ngamandla amakhulu okucindezela kanye nokuguquguquka, ane-alkali eyinhlanganisela yangaphezulu{3}}okumelana ne-fiberglass mortar layer, okuholela esakhiweni esizinzile, ukumelana nokuguga, kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Ayithambekele kakhulu emazingeni kanye nokuqhekeka ngemuva kokumbozwa ngamathayili e-ceramic, ama-slabs, itshe, noma ezinye izinto zokuqeda, ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuqina kwesakhiwo sezindonga nephansi. Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile izimo zokwakha ezinamandla-ezithwala umthwalo olinganiselwe, njengezakhiwo ezindala nezindlu zensimbi ezilula, ngaphandle kokwenyusa umthwalo wesakhiwo.
I-insulation enhle kakhulu yomsindo kanye nezakhiwo zokudambisa ukudlidliza zithuthukisa futhi ukunethezeka kokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo. Isakhiwo sebhodi elicinene elivaliwe{1}}limunca kahle umsindo ophuma emoyeni, sinciphisa ukudluliswa komsindo wokugeleza kwamanzi, umsindo wokusebenza kwemishini, nomsindo wendawo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-elastic core material ivimba ukudlidliza kwesakhiwo futhi ivimbe umsindo odluliswayo osuka ezinyathelweni nomthelela wento esindayo, iyenze ifaneleke ngokuphelele izimo zokwakha ezidinga ukugqunywa komsindo, njengamafulethi, amahhotela, izibhedlela, namagumbi emishini, ithuthukisa indawo yokuhlala yasendlini nendawo yokusebenza.
Ukufakwa kwebhodi kulula futhi kusebenza kahle, kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokwakha nokunciphisa izindleko zokwakha. Amabhodi afaneleka izindlela zokwakha ezomile, aqede isidingo somsebenzi omanzi ngodaka lukasimende.-Ekusikeni kwesayithi, ukubhoboza imbobo, nokugxusha kungafinyelelwa kalula kusetshenziswa ummese womsebenzi nesaha yesandla, ukusiza ukwakhiwa okunembe njengokufakwa ngaphambili{3}}kwepayipi, ukuqeda ngokuhlanganyela okungavamile, nokuhlanganisa amapayipi. Ukusebenza kulula futhi kukhiqiza uthuli oluncane. Ingaphezulu lebhodi linongqimba oluqinile,{6}}olungasheleli, olungadingi ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Amathayili okuhlobisa ahlukahlukene namatshe angasetshenziswa ngokuqondile kancane, noma upende we-putty ne-latex ungasetshenziswa, ukonga izinyathelo eziningi zokwakha kanye nokunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo isikhathi sokwakha nokulondoloza izindleko zomsebenzi kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhodi abonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu ngaphansi kwemijikelezo ebandayo, yokushisa, eyomile, nemanzi, ngokunwebeka okuphansi nokufinyela, okuwenza amelane nokungqubuzana, ukuqhekeka, kanye nokuguqulwa. Kuhlanganiswe ne-tape ekhethekile yokuvala amanzi kanye ne-sealant ukuze kuvalwe izikhala, ubuqotho bokwakhiwa buqinisekiswa ngokwengeziwe, kuvimbela ukuvuza okuzayo.
Ibanga lomkhiqizo likhulu futhi livumelana nezimo, lihlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokwakha. Amabhodi atholakala ngezilinganiso ezijwayelekile, ezifanayo, ezinobukhulu obusuka ku-6mm ukuya ku-50mm. Amabhodi amancane afanele ukuqedwa odongeni okujwayelekile emakhishini, ezindlini zangasese, nakuvulandi, kuyilapho amabhodi awugqinsi angasetshenziswa{4}}ezindaweni ezithwala amanzi zesikhathi eside-njengaphansi kwedamu lokubhukuda kanye nezindonga zangaphansi. Afanele izimo ezihlukahlukene zokuswakama ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezohwebo, kanye namaphrojekthi wokwakha izimboni. Amabhodi ahlinzeka ngokuhambisana okuhle kakhulu, ahambisana nokunamatheliswa kwamathayela ahlukahlukene, izinto zokunamathisela zamatshe, nama-putty/pende ngaphandle kwezinkinga zokubopha, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlobisa kanye ne-enclosure.
Mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha, amabhodi asekela ukuvimbela amanzi okwakha ahlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi kanye nezidingo zokuthobela ngokuqinile. Imikhiqizo yakhiwe kusetshenziswa i-formaldehyde{1}yamahhala kanye ne-asbestos{2}}izinto ezisetshenziswayo zamahhala ezingavumelani nemvelo, okuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza kanye nokungcoliswa{3}}kwamahhala. Baphumelele izivivinyo eziningi zemvelo, bahlangabezana nezindinganiso zempahla yokwakha yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, futhi zithekelisa kalula. Amabhodi abonisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zokunqanda ilangabi; amamodeli ajwayelekile ahlangabezana ne-B1 fire-izinga elidala, kanti izinhlobo ze-A-grade retardant{9}}zingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ezakhiweni zomphakathi njengenxanxathela yezitolo, izikole, nezibhedlela. Awasabalalisi umlilo kalula lapho evezwe emlilweni ovulekile, angakhiqizi intuthu enobuthi noma amaconsi ancibilikisiwe, futhi angadlula ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokuphepha emlilweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, ibhodi alikwazi ukumelana{12}}nemijikelezo yokuncibilika, ama-asidi nama-alkali, nokugqwala, limelana{13}}ukuguguleka kwezihlahla ezibulala amagciwane echibini lokubhukuda, izihlanzi zasekhishini nezokugezela, kanye nesifutho sikasawoti esisogwini. Ngempilo yesevisi engaphezu kweminyaka engama-25, idinga cishe ukunakekelwa noma ukulungiswa, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa izakhiwo.
Ngezimo zokuthunyelwa kwenqwaba, leli bhodi linikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile. Idizayini yayo ehlanganisiwe,{1}}yemisebenzi eminingi ingangena esikhundleni sezinto eziningi zokuvikela amanzi, ukufakwa kwe-insulation, nokusekelwa okuyisisekelo, ukwenza kube lula izigaba zempahla yokwakha kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zempahla yempahla yolwandle. Ipakishwe ngefilimu yokuvikela namapulangwe okhuni efektri, ihlinzeka ngomswakama kanye nokuvikela umthelela, futhi imelana{3}}neziyaluyalu ezide zolwandle kanye nokujiya ngaphakathi komkhumbi, okuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokulethwa. Umkhiqizo uza nemibiko yokuhlola ephelele kanye nemibhalo yeziqu, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokwamukelwa kanye nemvume yempahla yamazwe ngamazwe ahlukahlukene. Isitoko esanele nezikhathi zokulethwa ezizinzile ziyatholakala. Ukucaciswa okwenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kanye nezinsizakalo ze-OEM ziyasekelwa, okuyenza ifanele-ubudlelwane bokuthenga ngobuningi besikhathi eside nosonkontileka abahlukahlukene bonjiniyela bomhlaba kanye nabasabalalisi bezinto zokwakha.
